Boiler furnace



March 8, 1.938. R M E o, NOGUET 2,110,422

BOILER FURNACE Filed June 27, 1935 4 sheets-sneetl Ea. j

Fm. 2 IM. 5

6 TER/w Tues/N5 F054. CamsunfPr/o/V B KG. PfRHe March a, 193s. R, M. o; NORGUET 2,110,422-

BOILER FURNACE Filed June 27, 1935l 4 sheets-sheet 2 i 752 777. 5.10. Worue l March 8, 1938. RIM, E Q, NQRGUET l 2,110,422

BOILER FURNACE y Filed June 27. 1935 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 OOOO 000C OQOO O00@ oooo oooo ooo oooo oooo ':oo`

" ooo E ooo Era- 6 20 gases being fed to the intake ,ofV said turbine 6 and 1, and turbine I is inserted in the path ofl 20 A vation and section, along line a-b of Figure 2,y According tothe present invention,. these drawmensa Mu. s, 1938. z,11u,4zz

UNITED 4s'l'rl'rlzs PATENT OFFICE ltenMarle Paris, France Application June 2'1,l 1935, Serial No. 28,757 Inl France September 22, 1934 s anims. (o1. liz-24) The present invention relates to systems of ure 7 shows an arrangement in which the conthe type including a boiler and means for feedtrol is effected by the supply of fuel and the ing air at a suitable rate to the furnace of said speed governor; whilst Figure 8 shows a section boiler, saidmeans including an air blower, comof the boiler along line 8-0--8 of Figure 2.

pressors or the like, connected with the air inlet As diagrammatically shown by Fig. l, a sys- .5 of the furnace'and operated by a turbine driven tem according to the present invention includes by the expansion of the combustion gases from a boiler the furnace ofy which is shown at 4 and said furnace. A which is provide with fuel burners of any suit- The object of the present invention is to proable type, for ince an oil burner (especially 10 vide a system of this type whichis better adapted intended to use ut, that is to say the brown- 10 to meet the requirements of practice than sysish black liquid remaining after the distillation temsl of this type .used up to the present time. of benzine and kerosene from Russian petro- According to an important feature ofthe prsleum) 5. Air under pressure for combustion of ent invention, the boiler is .divided into at least said fuel is fed to said furnace through conduit two sections (for instance two groups of tubes) .38. This air is supplied by a blower 2 operated 15 through which the combustion gases from the by a turbine I.' Said turbine is driven by the furnace flow, andthe turbine above referred to' combustion gases from furnace l. y isdriven by the combustion gases flowing from According tothe present invention, the boiler one boiler sectionto the other, said combustion tubes are divided into two groups, to wit groups from different points of the path of travel of travel of the combustion gases'owing through the gases through the first mentioned boiler secthe passage extending from group 6 to group 1. tion, at will. 'This 'arrangement permits of obtaining a sutil- According to another feature of the present cient driving power from -thecombustion invention, the two'boiler sections are connected by suitably choosing the relative numbers and di- 25 together by at leasttwo passages, the gas turmensions of the tubes of these two groups 6 bine above mentioned being mounted across one and 1. of said passages, and the` system further includes However, it should be well understood that, if a steam turbine for driving said blower in paralthe whole is designed in such manner as to oblel with the gas turbine, means, responsive to tain from the combustion gases thus employed a '30 the rate of flow of air fed by said blower to said driving power sufficient for working the turbine, 1 furnace and to the rate of flow of fuel tothe and consequently the blower, at the proper rate furnace, being provided for controlling the steam for feeding the right amount of air to the boiler turbine and the section of now through the secfurnace, when said boiler is working-under avera5 ond passage above referred to. age conditions, that istosay with an averag 35 Other features of the present invention' will rate of feed of fuel to burner 5, the same is not result from the following detailed description of true when the working conditions of the boiler some specific embodiments thereof. `are modified. When fuel is fed to burner l at a Preferred embodiments of the present invenrate lower than the average rate in question, the

40 tion will be hereinafter described, with reference amount of air delivered by blower 2 is too small. -40 lto the accompanying drawings, given merely by On the other hand, when 4the fuel feed to burnerl way of example, and in which: 5 is higher than the average rate, the amount of Figure 1 represents diagrammatically, in eleair fed by.' blower 2 is too large.

the complete arrangement of a boiler according backs can be obviatedby making use of the folis to the invention; Figure 2 is an end elevation lowing arrangements, employed separately or in thereof; Figure 3 is a diagraml of the curves repcombination.y y resenting the variations in the power of the At low outputs of the` boiler,l thatisto say. blower, gas turbine and steam turbine (employed when the rate of feed -of fuel to burner 5 is low, l

for driving the blower); Figure 4 shows an arthe power for driving blower 2 is supplied, at 50 rangement in which the control is effected byleast partly, by an auxiliaryl steam .turbine l,v the supplies of air and fuel; Figures 5 and 6 keyed on the shaft of the turbo-blower l, 2 and represent, in two diiferentpositions, the steam Supplied withsteam through a valve ll. Itsv r valve and the gas draw-olf valve, in combination* power is usually small. Advantageously, accord- Y with the control device shown in Figure 4; Figing-to the present invention, the working of said- .55 1

steam turbine (for instance the feed of steam thereto) is regulated in such manner (see for instance thedevice of Fig. 4) that the power of said steam turbine increaseswith the rate of feed of fuel toburner 5 up to a certain value of said rate of feed, then gradually decreases when said rate of kieed further increases, and ilnally becomes'zero for a certain value of said rate of feed (corresponding 'for instance to one half of gas turbine is more than sufllcient, draw oi! a portion of the cold air furnished by the blower, towards the intake of the turbine, for example, with the object of lowering the temperature of the gases and therefore the wear and tear of, the turbine rotor. This is illustrated in Figure 1 -by the branch pipe Il connecting the delivery l0 the normal value of the power of the boiler). 10 The curve l in Figure 3 shows this variation in pipe 38 with the gas conduit 3 a valve 45 being the power of the steam turbine l, the power P placed in said pipe Il. being expressed by ordinates and .the fuel feed 'Ihe method which consists in setting a single C' to burner 5 by abscissae. The power output unit in` operation at low outputs, in order to of the blower 2 is representedby .the curve 2, an lessen the auxiliary power to be supplied, may 15 that of the gas turbine I by the curve I. be replaced, or supplemented, by th'e following Beyond the output at which the power of the means. gas turbine is equal to that-of the blower-point l Conduits, such as 3, 3', 3" (Figures 1 and 8) B', Figure 3- the power of said turbine becomes branching olf at different points in the path of y more than sulcient. In order to prevent vracing the gases, beyond the furnace, and provided with 20 and excess of air, a draw-olf, or by-pas's 9, for throttles or valves 48, It', 46" in such a manner the Combllsiion gil-SCS, wntrolled by a valve 31 as to draw-olf the Vgases at points nearer the (FigureV l) connects the group of tubes i with furnace in proportion as the rate of combustion the group `of tubes l in such a way as to cause a` diminishes, thereby compensating the lowering portion of the combustion gases that have flown of the gas temperature. v4This measure also re- 25 around the tubes of group 8 to pass directly'to duces the losses of pressure resulting from the the tubes of group 1 without passing through Vpassage in the sheaves of tubes; and thereby again gas turbine I. This operation may be performed increasing the power available in the gas turby hand, or by means of an automatic control of bine. l

the kind hereinafter described.- Since the additional power to be supplied in 30 The boilel` my 8J0 be equipped with a Second the steam turbine, between no-load and that cortul'boblOWer Unit.' indicated by l', 2 in Figure 2. responding with operating with the gas turbine At 10W Outputs, it will be simpler. and in some alone, varies with .the load on the boiler, the adcases more economical-to put only one of the mission of the steam 'can be controlled by an au- -units in operation, the two functioning in paraltomatic device. 35

lel at higher outputs. The variations in the power of the steam turl In these Circumstans, a Single machine will bine can be obtained by controlling the admission be able to supply the boiler with the requisite air of Athe steam by means of a throttle I8. Said up t0 an Output exceeding half the maxim throttle, and\ also that of the by-pass 9, can .be

40 power, since the pressure and temperature will 'actuated automatically by means of a control de- 40 l be lower, for the corresponding supply, than if vice enabling proportionality to be" maintained the two machines ywere in parallel (losses of vbetween the supplies of air and fuel necessary for charge in the sheaves, and nozzles being lower). obtaining good combustion under all loads.

Consequently, neither the blower nor the turbine In Figure 4, I Il is a. Venturi tube through which 4.5 will be exposed to maximum centrifugal or .therl passes the air from the delivery pipe n (Figure `mal stress. 1) of the blower.. II is a second Venturi tube 1 lIf `the number and size of the tubes of group through which thesupply of fuel is passed, and I2 I has been chosen suitably, it is thus possible to and I3 are pistons subjected respectively tothe work witha single turbo-blower unit for instance negative pressures set up in the two Venturi tubes unit I2, up to an output such that the two tur- Il and II'. 'Ihe pistons I2 and I3 act on points v5'.)

bo-blower units I-2 and I'2, afterwards set in I 6 and I1, respectively, of a lever L, mounted on a parallel operation, will no longer' require any pivot I4,sothatvsaid lever is balanced by the op- Supply 0l'. power. y f posed actions of the respective suctions of the 'lhe arrangement will function in the followtwo Venturi tubes Il and II corresponding to the ing manner: 1 feeds of air and fueL'these respective actions de- 55 The boiler is started by means of an appropending upon the -yalues of lever arms I4| and priate burner or lmazoutv heater, as inwordinary I4-I1. l boilers. y When steam .has been generated, one These values can be modified by modifying the of the turbo-blower units LFI, `ii- I', 2' is set in position of pivot Il, which is, for example, carried I o0 operation, its power being supplemented by that by a sliding support Ila. theresult beinstochanse so A o'f'tbe to the auxiliary turbine s. the ratio 0f the lever arms I4. I8 sind I4. I1. In:

"Asme outpirt increases, the power of this' latter this manner. the' excess of air can be controlled i increases, a and then mm *t0 the higher-:01? 10We 1' )density lud fauing' to zero. the power of the nabo-blower fluidity 0f *he fuelr 05 unit being smile-lent.- As output'rurtner' in Every mmm f the WW1? if n 0r fuel 65 .traum the bpm is 'opened in a commi-M displaces the lever Il, I l which actson the apei.` nm; these conditions of worm Dem-M ture of the steam -valve ,:orofV throttle I1.

thegasby-passld'lgurel). n ting to obtain, an output corresponding to oneon Anincreaseintherateoffuelfeedwhichis.

half oil thefull output of the boiler. f f 1 controlled through any conventionalmeanspro- '-0 wnmitisdesireatosuufurmerinerease duces either the closing of the gas by-pass, ortheY the output, combustion gases from portion C of ,opening of the m m "n jth the une! mme "e grad Y admitted t groupworks on oneside ortheotherof thestatesecond turbo-blowerunit. The by-pass I of (illustrated by point B in Hg- .lll'e i. 'Il

isagaincicsed. Theratesoffeedofthecom-I driven by the turbine is provided with a spring 24,

The speed of the blower is then accelerated, increasing the rate of air feed and tending to restore the desired proportionality. Conversely, the increase in the air feed rate leads to the closing of the steam valve 39, or the openingof by-pass 9, which reduces the speed of blower 2 and therefore tends to reduce said air feed rate, thus restoring the desired proportionality.

,'I'hus, any. modification of the air feed (reduction or increase) sets up a variation in the operation of the group, in the direction tending to restore the proportionality between air and Afuel feed. Once this result has been obtainedall action on the control members ceases, lever I4, I5 being again balanced. l

The control of steam throttle 39 and byA-pass throttle 91, initiated by the displacements of point I5, Figure 4, may be effected through'any means which, in the conditions represented in that figure are capable of insuring the following results:

In the case of a downward displacement of point I5 (increase of fuel supply or decrease of air supply), by-pass 9 is closed and lthen valve 39 is opened.`

In thecase of an upward displacement of point I5 (decrease of fuel supply or increase of air supply), the valve 89 is closed and then by-pass 9 is opened.

'111e arrangement shown in Figures 5 and 6 gives an example of such a device. Point I8 cor. responds with the same point as in Figure 4.

The position shown in full lines is the starting position, members 31 and 39 being thenclosed.

cated by the point A on the power diagram, Figure 3),' the piston 2| occupies the position 2|',`

At I8', steam throttle 39 is closed. and the gas by-pass throttle 31 wide open (positions indicated, in Figure 5 by broken lines). From I8' to I8, throttle 31 closes, throttle 39 remaining closed. Said throttles are preferably controlled by pist 48, 4I actuated by the distributor of servo-motors 42 :18nd 43, connected with rods I9, 28, pivoted at From I8 to I8" (Figure 6) the gas throttle remains closed, and the steam throttle' 99 opens, becoming wide open at I8". The corresponding positions of the throttles and their 'servomotors are indicated by broken lines.

` Any other arrangement producing those successive opening and closing movements maybe utilized.

Figure "I shows another control arrangementk for successively opening and closing the steam throttle, and opening the gas py-pass throttle, so as t'o obtain a variation of the power of the steam turbine approximating as nearly as possible that represented by the curve 8, Figure 3'.A

With that object, the opening of valve is effected by the partial vacuum created in a Venturi tube and by the supply of fuel, and continues up to the load corresponding with the maximum power of the steam turbine, beyond which moment the throttle is gradually closed by the action ofA a centrifugal governor. When the steam has been shut off completely, the governor gradually opens the by-pass.

Referring to Figure 7,. the partial vacuum set up in the Venturi tmbe Il by the fuel feed acts on a piston 2| against the action of a spring 22 which is adjusted in such a manner that, for the feed corresponding with the load forwhich the power of the steam turbine is maximum (indidetermined by a stop. A On the other hand, the centrifugal governor. 28

the steamv or any equivalent, which does not allow the collar 25 to leave the stop l28 unless the speed of said machine exceeds a predetermined value.

The spring 24 is adjusted so that said speed will be precisely that corresponding with thev boiler output indicated by A' (Figure 3). n

The arrangement functions in the following manner: For boiler loads comprised between O and A, the governor'is inactive, the point 21 remaining xed (the point 28 of the l'ever connected with the collar 25 being a fixed point). On the contrary, the end of the rod of the piston 2| moves from 29 to 29 and the point 30 from 30 to 38. From that .moment, and for all higher loads, the piston 2| is stopped at 2|', and 29' becomes va fixed point.

' The centrifugal governor then Ibegins to act.

l.An V increase on the amount of fuel obtained through any conventional means raises the'temperature of the gases, thereby accelerating the unit, thepoint 21 moving to 21', and the point 30' from 39' to 30 and 30".

The movements of the point 38 are transmitted to the throttle members, starting with I8, by a device similar to that of the first system,l for exsaid furnace through both of said sheaves of tubes successively, at least one turbine mounted in the passage between said two sheaves of tubes, means for directly connecting with the intake of said turbine different points of`the path of travel of the gases through the first sheaf of tubes. at will, whereby said turbine is actuated by said gases, and a blower driven by said turbine for feeding air under pressure to said furnace.

2. A system of the type described which comprises, in combination, a furnace for producing hot gasesa boiler including two distinct boiler sections and passages forleading the gases from said furnace through both4 of said boiler secdescribed which com- 4 tions successively, at least one turbine mounted a in the passage between said two boiler sections, means for directly connecting with the intake of said turbine different points of the path of travel inlet, a blower adapted to feed air under pressure y to saidA air intake, a boiler includingtwo sheaves of tubes, passagesconnecting said furnace and said two sheaves of tubes in series, with the passage between the two sheaves of tubes subdivided into two parts, a gas turbine, mounted in one of said parts so as to be operated byl the ygases owing therethrough, valve means in the other part for controlling. the ow therethrough, a steam turbine, both of theseturbines being arranged to drive said -blower in parallel, and means, responsive both to the rate of flow of the air fedv by said blower and to the rate of flow of fuel through said fuel inlet. for controlling said steam turbine prises, in combination, a furnace for producing hot gases including an air intake and a fuel inlet, a blower adaptedto feed air under pressure to said air intake, a boiler including two sheaves of tubes, passages connecting said furnace and said two sheavesof tubes in series, with the passage between the two sheaves of tubes subdivided into two parts, a gas turbine mounted in one oi said parts so as to be operated by the gases owing therethrough, valve means inthe other part for controlling the ow therethrough, a steam turbine, both of these turbines being arranged to drive said blower in parallel, and means, responsive both tothe rate of flow of the air fed by sind blower and to the me or now of ruei through said `fuel inlet, for controlling said steam tur- .bine and saidI valve means, said controlling means including a centrifugal governor operative by said gas-turbine and adapted to control the feed of said steam turbine, so as to gradually reduce the output thereof, and, when said steam turbine is brought out of action, to open said valve means.

5. vA system of the type described which comprises, in combination, a furnace for producing hot'gases including an air intake and a fuel inlet, a vblower adapted to feed air under pressure t'o said air intake, a boiler including two distinct boilersections, passages connecting said furnace and said two boiler sections in series.

with the passage between the two boiler sectionsdivided into two parts, a gas turbine mounted in 'one of 'said parts so as to be operated by the gases iiowing therethrough, valve means in the other part for controlling the flow therethrough, a steam turbine, both of these turbines being arranged Vto drive said blower in parallel, and means, responsive both to the rate of flow of the air fed by said blower and to the rate of ow of fuel through said fuel inlet, for controlling said steam turbine and said ,valve means.

6. A system according to claim 5 in which said last mentionedmeans include a centrifugal governor operative by said gas turbine, and operatively connected with said steam turbine, so as to gradually reduce the feed thereof, said governor being also operatively connected with said valve means so as to open said valve means when said steam turbine has been brought out of action. Y

MARIE EMILE OMER NORGUET. 

